1. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mfundo zazikuluzikulu zogwirira ntchito za mpweya-zoziziritsa ndi madzi{2}}zosinthira kutentha?
1. Mfundo yamagetsi-yozizira kutentha
Pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya ngati sing'anga yozizira, kachitidwe kameneka kamadalira kusuntha kokakamiza ndi fani kapena kusuntha kwachilengedwe kuti mpweya uziyenda pamwamba pa zipsepse ndi malo a mapaipi a chotenthetsera kutentha, kunyamula kutentha kwapakati ndikukwaniritsa kuziziritsa kudzera pakusinthana kwa kutentha. Dongosolo lonseli ndi lotseguka-njira yoziziritsira kutentha, yosafuna kuzungulira kwa madzi ndipo imadalira kayendetsedwe ka mpweya kuti amalize kusinthana kutentha.
2. Mfundo Yokhudza Madzi-Yotsitsimula Yozizira
Pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ngati malo ozizirira, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kutentha kwapadera kwa madzi, madzi ozizira amazunguliridwa ndi mpope wamadzi kuti asinthanitse kutentha ndi kutentha kwakukulu-kwambiri mkati mwa chipangizocho. Madzi otentha omwe atenga kutentha amatsitsidwa ndi nsanja yozizirira ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ndi njira yotseka-yozungulira yozungulira yoziziritsira kutentha yokhala ndi kukhazikika kolimba kwa sing'anga yosinthira kutentha.
II. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mpweya-woziziritsidwa ndi madzi{2}}zosinthira kutentha kozizira?
1. Kapangidwe ka zinthu zosinthira mpweya{1}}zozizira
Ndi mawonekedwe osavuta komanso ophatikizika, zigawo zazikuluzikulu zimaphatikizira mitolo yosinthira kutentha, zipsepse, mafani, mafelemu, maukonde oteteza, ndi zida zowongolera kutentha. Palibe mapaipi akunja, mapampu amadzi, nsanja zozizirira, kapena zida zina zothandizira. Makina onse ali ndi kuphatikizika kwakukulu, magawo ochepa, ndi dongosolo losavuta la msonkhano.
2. Kapangidwe ka madzi{1}}zotenthetsera zoziziritsa
Dongosololi lili ndi dongosolo lovuta ndipo limagawidwa m'magawo angapo. Zigawo zazikuluzikulu zimaphatikizirapo chotenthetsera chachikulu, pampu yamadzi yozungulira, nsanja yozizirira, mapaipi oyendetsa madzi, fyuluta, chida choperekera madzi, chida chowongolera kutentha ndi zida zina zonse. Dongosolo lonse lili ndi zigawo zambiri zothandizira ndipo masanjidwe oyika amafunikira kukonzekera akatswiri.
III. Kuyerekeza kusinthasintha kwa kutentha pakati pa mpweya-wozizira ndi madzi{2}}zosinthira kutentha
1. Kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mpweya-zozimitsa kutentha
Ndi mphamvu yapakatikati mpaka yotsika yosinthira kutentha, mphamvu ya kutentha kwapadera ya 1.005 kJ/(kg·degree), kutsika kwamafuta otsika, komanso kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono kutentha, kutulutsa kutentha kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha kozungulira komanso liwiro la mphepo. M'nyengo yachilimwe-yotentha kwambiri, kutentha kumatsika kwambiri, ndipo kuzizira kumakhala kosakwanira-kutentha kwambiri sikukwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera pazithunzi zazing'ono kapena zapakati{4}}zapakatikati.
2. Kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka madzi-zotenthetsera zoziziritsa
Kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kuzizira kwa mpweya. Madzi ali ndi kutentha kwapadera kwa 4.2 kJ/(kg· digiri), yomwe ndi yoposa 4 kuposa mpweya. Kutentha kwapakati pa voliyumu imodzi ndi yaikulu kwambiri kuposa mpweya. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa kutentha kumakhala kokhazikika komanso kuthamanga kwa kutentha kumathamanga. Komanso, kutentha kwa madzi kumatha kuyendetsedwa ndendende ndi nsanja yozizirira, ndipo sikukhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwakunja. Itha kukhazikika kuti igwirizane ndi-ziwonetsero zotentha kwambiri zokhala ndi katundu wambiri komanso kupanga mosalekeza.
IV. Kusiyana kwa Kuyika ndi Zofunikira za Space pakati pa Mpweya-Woziziritsa ndi Madzi{2}}Zosintha Zozizira Zozizira
1. Kuyika kwa mpweya{1}}kozizira komanso ubwino wa danga
Zosavuta kukhazikitsa popanda zofunikira zapadera, gawoli limakhala ndi mapangidwe ophatikizika. Mukafika, ingokonzani malo ndikugwirizanitsa mphamvu; palibe zomangamanga kapena zolumikizira madzi zomwe zimafunikira. Malo okhawo olowera mpweya ayenera kuperekedwa kuti mpweya wotentha usabwererenso. Imakhala ndi malo ochepa ndipo ili yoyenera panja, fakitale yaying'ono, ndi malo omanga osakhalitsa.
2. Madzi{1}}kuyika koziziritsa komanso zofunikira zakumalo
Kuyikapo ndizovuta, kumafuna kukonzekera malo odzipatulira a zida zopangira chipinda chachikulu, mapampu amadzi, nsanja zozizirira, ndi mapaipi. Imafunikanso kuthandizira maziko opangira uinjiniya, maukonde a mapaipi amadzi, ndi zotengera ngalande. Kutalika konseko ndi kwakukulu, komwe kumakhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri pamakonzedwe a malo ndi momwe madzi amakhalira ndi madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali.
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